Manioc : Portail | resultats 1 - 20 pour la recherche: Word formation

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BackgroundFor a long time biologists and linguists have been noticing surprising similarities between the evolution of life forms and languages. Most of the proposed analogies have been rejected. Some, however, have persisted, and some even turned out to be fruitful, inspiring the transfer of methods and models between biology and linguistics up to today. Most proposed analogies were based on a comparison of the research objects rather than the processes that shaped their evolution. Focusing on process-based analogies, however, has the advantage of minimizing the risk of overstating similarities, while at the same time reflecting the common strategy to use processes to explain the evolution of complexity in both fields.ResultsWe compared important evolutionary processes in biology and linguistics and identified processes specific to only one of the two disciplines as well as processes which seem to be analogous, potentially reflecting core evolutionary processes. These new process-based analogies support novel methodological transfer, expanding the application range of biological methods to the field of historical linguistics. We illustrate this by showing (i) how methods dealing with incomplete lineage sorting offer an introgression-free framework to analyze highly mosaic word distributions across languages; (ii) how sequence similarity networks can be used to identify composite and borrowed words across different languages; (iii) how research on partial homology can inspire new methods and models in both fields; and (iv) how constructive neutral evolution provides an original framework for analyzing convergent evolution in languages resulting from common descent (Sapir’s drift).ConclusionsApart from new analogies between evolutionary processes, we also identified processes which are specific to either biology or linguistics. This shows that general evolution cannot be studied from within one discipline alone. In order to get a full picture of evolution, biologists and linguists need to complement their studies, trying to identify cross-disciplinary and discipline-specific evolutionary processes. The fact that we found many process-based analogies favoring transfer from biology to linguistics further shows that certain biological methods and models have a broader scope than previously recognized. This opens fruitful paths for collaboration between the two disciplines.
ISSN: 1745-6150

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01378396
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01378396
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01378396/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01378396/file/unity.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s13062-016-0145-2

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Naval yarns of sea fights and wrecks, pirates and privateers from 1616-1831 : as told by men of wars' men
Auteurs secondaires : Long, William Henry (1840-1896) Brangwyn, Frank (1867-1956)
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Biography of Mahommah G. Baquaqua ; Interesting narrative : biography of Mahommah G. Baquaqua ; North American slave narratives
Auteur(s) : Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo Moore, Samuel, active 1854 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill -- Documenting the American South (Project) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill -- Library

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The history, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies. Volume I
Auteur(s) : Edwards, Bryan (1743-1800)
Auteurs secondaires : Bartolozzi, Francesco (1727-1815) West, Benjamin (1738-1820) Milton, Thomas (1743?-1827)
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Antigua and the Antiguans: a full account of the colony and its inhabitants from the time of the Caribs to the present day, interspersed with anecdotes and legends : also, an impartial view of slavery and the free labour systems, the statistics of the island, and biographical notices of the principal families, Volume 1
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Four years' residence in the West Indies
Auteur(s) : Bayley, Frederic William Naylor (1808-1853)
Auteurs secondaires : Haghe, Charles (1810-1888) Day, William (1797-1845)
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Negro slavery, or A view of some of the more prominent features of that state of society, as it exists in the United States of America and in the colonies of the West Indies, especially in Jamaica
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Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of America, during the years 1799-1804 / by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland ; translated from the French of Alexander von Humboldt and edited by Thomasina Ross. Volume 2
Auteur(s) : Bonpland, Aimé (1773-1858) Humboldt, Alexander von (1769-1859)
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